The four inverter types
- String inverter (most common)
- One inverter handles all panels in series.
- Cheapest option ($800-$1,800 for a 5-10kW).
- One shaded panel reduces the whole string.
- Inverter mounts indoors (garage) or outdoors (rated enclosure).
- Lifespan: 8-12 years.
- Top brands: Fronius Primo, Sungrow SG, GoodWe DNS, Huawei SUN2000.
- Microinverter (per-panel)
- One inverter per panel, mounted on the back of each panel.
- Most shade-tolerant - shaded panels don't drag others down.
- Most expensive option ($1,500-$3,000 premium over string).
- Module-level monitoring (you see each panel's output).
- Lifespan: 20-25 years (matches panel warranty).
- Top brand: Enphase IQ8 series.
- DC optimiser + string inverter (hybrid)
- Each panel has a small optimiser; main inverter is string.
- Middle ground for shade tolerance.
- $600-$1,200 premium over plain string.
- Module-level monitoring included.
- Lifespan: optimisers 25 years; inverter 8-12 years.
- Top brand: SolarEdge.
- Hybrid inverter (battery-ready string)
- String inverter with battery management built in.
- Adds $400-$1,200 over a plain string inverter.
- Allows DC-coupled battery for slightly higher efficiency.
- Mandatory if you want a future DC-coupled battery upgrade.
- Top brands: Fronius GEN24, Sungrow SH-RT, GoodWe ET, SolarEdge Energy Hub.
When to choose what
Choose plain string when:
- Your roof has minimal shading.
- You don't plan a battery within 5 years.
- Budget is the priority.
Choose microinverter when:
- Significant tree shading.
- Multiple roof faces / orientations.
- You want per-panel monitoring.
- You want the longest warranty match (panels + inverter both 25 years).
Choose SolarEdge optimisers when:
- Some shading but not severe.
- Want module-level monitoring without microinverter cost.
- Want a single inverter location for serviceability.
Choose hybrid string when:
- You will add a battery within 5 years.
- You want the cleanest battery upgrade path.
- Minimal shading.